摩托车尾气净化金属载体催化剂涂覆的研究

在950℃下高温氧化5 h,箔片表面生成板状Al2O3晶须,有利于增强涂层与箔片的附着力。在载体表面涂覆一层MgAl2O4/Al2O3过渡涂层,有助于提高活性组分与金属载体的结合力,可以获得高结合强度的涂层结构,促使活性元素高度分散。     

使用乙醇还原剂的NOx-SCR催化剂的性能评价

采用计算机辅助分析的方法设计了乙醇还原剂添加装置，并使用这套装置在发动机台架上进行了稀燃NOx选择催化还原（SCR）催化剂的性能评价试验。试验结果表明，在30000h^-1空速、排温为350～420℃范围的条件下，该催化剂的NOx转化率维持在90％以上，而在低温和高温下的转化率较低；随着乙醇添加量的增加，催化剂NOx转化率提高，但同时会增加THC排放；当空速超过40000h^-1后，催化剂性能有所下降。     

汽车排放净化与车用催化剂

简要论述了汽车排放净化面临的形势及各主要汽车生产国家所采取的对策。装用三元催化剂是减少汽车排放污染的有效手段。介绍了车用三元催化剂的工作原理及净化特性，论述了提高车用三元催化剂性能的途径，并对未来车用催化剂开发中的若干新研究课题作了说明。     

贵金属—稀土复合型催化剂工作性能的研究

制备了净化车辆尾气的贵金属—稀土复合型催化剂,对该催化剂的活性进行了测试;利用所制备的催化剂在摩托车上进行了性能研究。试验结果表明,催化剂可以快速起燃,但催化活性与催化剂温度之间存在一定时间的滞后现象。将所制备的催化剂在多款车型的摩托车上进行了应用,结果表明,能使排放达到欧Ⅱ标准,而且通过了10000km的道路耐久性试验。     

三效催化剂快速老化方法与劣化强度的相关性研究

基于催化剂高温失活机理，分析了不同快速老化方法对催化剂劣化强度的影响，并在发动机台架上，分别利用国内外最常用的两种老化方法－－断油方法和ARL－102方法，对Pt-Rh三郊催化剂进行了１００h的快速老化试验，通过每老化２５h后的测试，考察了催化剂性能随老化时间的变化特性。文中还提出了考察三效催化剂劣化强度的评价指标。     

铜锰混合型催化剂催化性能研究

分别选取H2,CO,苯,正庚烷作为实验的单一代表物质,苯-正庚烷混合气作为联合实验的代表物质,对2种铜锰混合型催化剂在不同条件下的催化性能进行研究。结果显示,2种催化剂完全转化受试物质为CO2和H2O的温度低于260℃;催化活性和抗湿性能1号催化剂更优;苯的存在对正庚烷转化有促进效果,正庚烷则对苯的转化有所抑制;催化活性越高,苯-正庚烷之间的促进或抑制作用越明显。     

表面活性氧在排气净化催化剂中作用机制的研究

针对发动机的发展趋势,结合当前机动车尾气催化剂的研究进展,对催化剂中的表面活性氧种的种类以及它们的催化活性进行了讨论;同时对表面氧种的产生、脱附、存储、迁移以及相互关系进行了归纳。此外,对它们在催化反应中的行为和作用机制的研究状况进行了综述,并提出了研究中存在的问题以及建议。     

Parametric study of the main parameters influencing the catalytic efficiency of a diesel oxidation catalyst: Parameters influencing the efficiency of a diesel catalyst

This work studies the impact of five parameters: CO and HC engine-out emissions, space velocity, average value and profile of exhaust temperature, on Diesel CO and HC tail-pipe emissions. The first part of this work is conducted on a reactor and shows that both HC and CO light-off temperature increases with CO and HC input concentration. CO and HC initial concentration influence the adsorption/desorption capacities of HC only at high temperatures. Space velocity also influences CO and HC conversion efficiency. The second part of this work studies the impact of different combinations of HC and CO engine-out emissions on CO and HC conversion and tail-pipe emissions in the case of New European Driving Cycle. This part proposes that a Diesel oxidation catalyst must be mainly studied at the Urban Part of NEDC, as the CO and HC conversions are very high at the extra-urban part of NEDC. CO and HC conversion efficiencies are also dependent on exhaust temperature and catalytic volume. In the case of two different profiles of exhaust temperature with the same average temperature, CO and HC conversion efficiency is lower in the case of the smoother profile.     

Comparison of HC species from diesel combustion modes and characterization of a heat-up doc formulation

This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NO_x trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion, and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection. Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO₂), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation.     

两轮摩托车应对欧川排放标准的技术方案

分析了几种应对摩托车欧Ⅲ排放标准的技术方案,从技术先进性、成本、可行性和发展趋势方面得出了采用闭环电控燃油喷射系统 三效催化转化器是满足欧Ⅲ标准的最佳方案。